Análise de sobrevida de idosos: um estudo longitudinal

Abstract

The increase in life expectancy is a global reality, even with the large differences between countries. From this, there is a growing interest in the quality of the years of life gained, therefore knowing all the factors that interfere in this process is essential. For this purpose, a longitudinal study was used, with the elderly interviewed in 2010 as the target population, in the first wave of the "Census of living conditions and health of the elderly in the municipality of Coxilha-RS", the second wave, in 2021, likewise, had data collection through a household survey, using a questionnaire adapted from the instrument used in the SABE study - Health, Well-Being and Aging. It must be considered that the period of time between the first and second wave (2010-2021) still presents the fact of going through the period of a pandemic, COVID-19, which potentiated the multifactorial role that can interfere with survival time. Thus, this thesis aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial factors associated with the survival of the elderly in the city of Coxilha -RS. The thesis was divided into three specific objectives, which were answered in three scientific productions. Scientific production I, presented in chapter three, consisted of analyzing the biopsychosocial factors associated with survival, considering the pre-pandemic period and including the pandemic period. In scientific production II, in chapter four, it compares health conditions related to biopsychosocial factors in the cohort of elderly people with and without evaluated multimorbidity (2010-2021). And in chapter five, which has scientific production III, it compares the factors associated with multimorbidity among the elderly aged 60 to 69 years in the base year (2010) and in the second wave of the study (2021), establishing a comparison of the reality of the same age range. Among the findings, it can be highlighted that being illiterate or having schooling of up to 3 years significantly increases the chance of death of the elderly considering the entire follow-up period and considering only the pre-pandemic period. And being in the age group of 70 to 79 years significantly increases the chances of death compared to other age groups considering the entire follow-up period of the study. There was an association between multimorbidity and elderly females and dependence for ABVD in 2010, whereas in the second wave, multimorbidity was associated only with dependence for AIVD. Being dependent for BADL and IADL was associated with a higher prevalence of multimorbidity in 2010, however, in 2021, being dependent for IADL, not knowing how to read/write and not working had a higher prevalence for multimorbidity. These findings point to the need to look at the particularities of aging in society, in view of the changes that occur over the years as well as the specificities of each region