Seleção do mix de produção em indústria de implementos agrícolas com foco na sustentabilidade

Abstract

The development of manufacturing technologies has revolutionized the most diverse areas of modern society and sustainable development, associated with an increasingly diversified offer of products. In this context, the objective of this work is to select the best product mix in the production line of grain trailers, in an agricultural implements industry, considering sustainability in the application of optimization and decision-making techniques. The study was carried out in an agricultural implements industry, analyzing the production of 5 models of grain trailers, with transport capacity from 10,500 to 15,000 liters. An analysis was made of the cradle-to-gate inventory, materials: carbon steel, stainless steel, PVC, and liquid paint. The manufacturing processes were also evaluated: laser cutting, MIG welding, stainless steel MIG welding, powder painting, and zinc plating of parts. Then, a study was carried out by production mix, totaling 7 different configurations in the product mix, totaling 3 implements per day. The materials and processes were analyzed considering the environmental impact using the SimaPro® software database version 9.0.0.49, in the ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) V1.03 / World (2010) H/H methodology. The 22 midpoint impact categories and the 3 endpoint impact categories were evaluated: human health, ecosystems, and resource scarcity. The integer linear programming method was applied to evaluate the economic criteria and to minimize the environmental impact. The method was validated using computer simulation, software Tecnomatix Plant Simulation version 15. After validation, the economic and environmental criteria were placed in a decision matrix, applying the AHP and DEA techniques, considering the alternatives of the production mix and integer linear programming. In the AHP technique, the opinions of industry professionals were also considered for the weighting of the criteria. Among the results, a strong correlation was observed between the use of carbon steel materials, stainless steel, the laser cutting process, and the environmental impact. Stainless steel and laser cutting have the greatest environmental impacts, especially on human health. In the AHP and DEA techniques, alternatives 1 and 11, to manufacture 3 products per day, were selected as the best, considering the sustainability criteria, meeting the industry's production plan.