Militares legalistas na Revolução de 1930: política e poder

Abstract

The objective of this work is to deal with the relationship between military formation and political action in the speeches of two military officers who wrote about the Revolution of 1930: General Gil de Almeida, commander of the 3rd Military Region, in Porto Alegre; and Colonel Leitão de Carvalho of the 8th Infantry Regiment, located in Passo Fundo. It is understood that the discourses aim to justify the military positioning against the garrisons in which they are placed in Rio Grande do Sul. From this assumption, it is possible to infer through the discourses that the formation of military thought was influenced by the formation received in the Military Schools. Since the mid-nineteenth century the Brazilian army sought the professionalization of military bodies. Concern over the consolidation and empowerment of the armed forces was at the center of military discourse, and there is an intense preoccupation with the role of training army officers. With the First World War the international scene intensified the concern of the states with questions about the one of national defense, and in this attempt the military questions were avidly resumed. The search hitherto undertaken by a more prepared army has a clear return with the armed interventions that were taking place around the world. For the military, Gil and Leitão, partisan political involvement should be removed from the military sphere, that is, they maintain a legalistic character. These military men define their own characteristics, often marked by their trajectories, principles and ideas of their time and by the context to which they belong. Thus, we can understand that there is a common political language, which was used to define and justify the very function of the Army in the moment of conflict. To construct this explanatory framework, the speeches, the sources of the press and analysis of the curricula of the Military Schools are used. The intense scientific influence on the military curriculum shows that military thinking is largely defined by the training spaces the military pursued.