Um método de ensaio de estruturas de guarda-corpos provisório para a construção civil

Abstract

Civil construction is an important sector for the country's economic and social development, however, statistics show that this sector has a high number of work accidents. Among the accidents, falls from heights on construction sites draw the attention of the civil construction industry, the State and inspection office. Temporary guardrails are collective protection systems in the periphery used in civil construction to prevent falls from heights in order to avoid work accidents. In this work, we sought to gather the state of the art in the specialized literature and analyze the requirements of the usual structures for this purpose, together with the study of the methodologies adopted in the experimental tests carried out to verify the strength of these structures. In the field of guardrail structures used for this purpose, in Brazil, there are specifications in the NR-18 and NR-35 standards, however, there is no definition of test methodology for verifying the strength of the structures. In international standards, there are defined methodologies, such as the European standard EN 13374:2013 and Australia and New Zealand AS/NZS 4994.1:2009, however, these standards diverge from each other, and also other standards that indicate the loads that structures must withstand as USA OSHA 1926.502:2016 and Canada with the Québec Safety Code for the Construction Industry (S-2.1 r.4). To achieve the objectives, experimental testing methods compatible with national standards are suggested for the evaluation of temporary guardrail structures for civil construction. Experimental tests were carried out, in accordance with the test methodology of existing international standards and in accordance with the proposal of this work. In this context, this study: a) provides guidance on the precautions and measures to be taken in the projects of steel and wood guardrails structures; b) indicates the importance of experimental tests for validating the structures and safety of workers; c) validates a methodology of standard static experimental tests that can be used by Brazilian regulations.