Análise comparativa de propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais dos aços AISI H13 standard, AISI H13 ESR e JIS SKD 61

Abstract

JIS SKD 61, AISI H13 Standard and AISI H13 ESR tool steels are widely used for manufacturing aluminum injection molds and hot forging dies. In this manufacturing process, it is essential that tool steel has high mechanical resistance properties at high temperatures in order to avoid failures due to thermal fatigue, crack propagation, plastic deformation and wear that are influenced by heat treatments. The present work aims to evaluate the characterization of JIS SKD 61, AISI H13 ESR and AISI H13 Standard steels, through chemical, microstructural, hardness, impact and wear resistance analysis. The study aims to verify the properties of JIS SKD 61 steel, produced in Japan, meeting NADCA #207-2018 "Grade A/H13 Premium" compared to AISI H13 Standard steel meeting NADCA #207-2018 "Grade A/H13 Premium” and AISI H13 ESR, produced in Brazil, in compliance with NADCA #207- 2018 “Grade B/H13 Superior”, verifying its particularities before and after the heat treatment process. The evaluations carried out at the SEM showed that the fractures were predominantly fragile, typical of this class of tempered and tempered materials, and also the predominant presence of cleavage, with a slight presence of dimples. The hardness test showed that the steels had little difference after the heat treatment process, and only the JIS SKD 61 and AISI H13 ESR steels were in the same hardness range, thus being able to be compared with greater assertiveness. In Charpy impact resistance tests, the AISI H13 Standard material showed greater impact resistance, due to the lower hardness of the material, however, the JIS SKD 61 steel showed greater impact resistance, due to the manufacturing process of this steel which has a process exclusively manufactured by the Japanese plant, which consists of adjusting the chemical composition, refining process to control impurities and inclusions, homogenization and a high degree of forging (6:1 reduction). In the wear test, the JIS SKD 61 material was better compared to the others, ensuring less mass loss. Thus, the results of comparative analyzes of mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI H13 Standard, AISI H13 ESR and JIS SKD 61 steels were arrived at.