Possibilidade de natureza no meio urbano através do paisagismo: áreas verdes em cidade de pequeno porte: Nova Araçá, Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

In view of the importance of qualifying and quantifying urban green areas in small towns, this work assessed the importance of preserving and using vegetation cover, especially arboreal, in urban, public and private spaces, providing scientifically based information, for the implementation of public policies and management of the urban environment, as well as presenting the population's perception of the available public green areas and their distribution in the city. The dissertation presents, initially, a review of the concepts related to green areas. Then, a review of the importance of vegetation in human well-being is presented, and later, the research carried out in the city of Nova Araçá-RS is presented. The configurations chosen for analysis were initially defined with the total perimeter of the city, and after a specific analysis of the centralities defined in the urban area of the city with a radius of 1 km from it. Based on these criteria, the surveys of green areas per inhabitant were obtained through the NDVI calculation and then it was investigated with the city hall and in person, which would be public and private and the conditions of these public green areas, as well as comparative percentage analysis of these areas. Questionnaires for different age groups and distinct groups were used, considering a research sample with at least 2% of the population being interviewed, in order to understand society's point of view on the current condition of urban landscaping in the city. The analysis of the questionnaires shows a relationship of interest on the part of the respondents regarding the improvements in afforestation/landscape in the city of Nova Araçá -RS. Data analysis was performed using the Google Forms online program import data, and after analysis in the statistical program SPSS 20.0.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), through non-parametric Frequency and Cross Tabulation tests. It was confirmed that there are public green areas in the city of Nova Araçá-RS, however, for the most part there is very little basic infrastructure providing pleasant places to live, with the possibility of walking and exercising, for example. In this sense, public management must assume a prominent role, establishing urban legislation that recognizes the relevance of landscape in the urban environment.