"Eu Sei Tudo": representações das mulheres no contexto inicial do movimento feminista no Brasil (1918-1939)

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to analyze the references to feminist principles - within the scope of the claims of the First Feminist Wave - and the ambivalence of the discourse, expressed in the maintenance of the status quo of female roles, within the magazine “Eu Sei Tudo”, between the years 1918 and 1939, including the period Between Wars. Despite the time difference between the publication of the magazine and the emergence of the First Feminist Wave, still in the century XIX, publications are considered in terms of the subjects guided by the movement, such as legal equality, the right to vote and access to information. education and the liberal professions. To this end, 252 editions of the magazine were analyzed, twelve editions per year, after 21 years. The magazine under study was launched in June 1917, printed by Companhia Editora Americana S. A. based in the then capital of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. The magazine's editorial line sought to emphasize national and international issues, technologies, innovations, literature, among others; each edition had about 100 pages. In addition to content analysis, the study problematizes the advances and setbacks of feminist ideals in the press, broadening discussions within the area of gender and feminism, in a context in which some new and highly questioned notions were introduced by patriarchal society and its stigmas. In this perspective, the dissertation is part of the studies that deal with the History of Women, with an emphasis on feminism, through the understanding of the representation of women in a widely circulated journal. Together with the press information, the magazines that preceded the creation of the magazine, “Eu Sei Tu do”, were analyzed, in addition to the social, economic and family context of the time. For the analysis of these sources and optimization of research time, content analysis is used as a method, within a quantitative and qualitative perspective, in order to organize the information in the sense of arguing for the problem of the transmission of information about the feminist movement within the magazine, as a means of propagating the ideas of gender equality, and coexistence of patriarchal ideals, of female subordination. Among the results it was found that the feminine and feminism clashed in some publications, even on the same page, generating insecurity in the conquests of the feminist movement. In this way, there was a continued reproduction of the status quo present in previous years, as well as in the magazines predecessors to “Eu Sei Tudo”. The work presented here serves as a means of inquiring about feminist advances within an informative almanac, as an instrument of analysis of the society of the period between the wars, permeated by the History of Women and consequences for gender studies