Impacto de um programa de exercícios resistidos sobre aspectos físicos e de saúde de idosos

Abstract

The aging process is characterized as a stage of life that presents changes and decreases in the individual's body. Among these, the musculoskeletal system stands out for having reduced muscle mass, increased body fat index, stiffness in the joints, reduced height and postural changes, leading the body to become susceptible to the occurrence of functional limitations. In this context, the objective of this master's thesis was to verify the impact of a resistance exercise program on the physical aspects of health, the level of physical activity and the self-perception of health of socially active elderly people. The present study is part of an umbrella project entitled “Interdisciplinary approach in the rehabilitation of individuals in the process of aging with musculoskeletal disorders” approved by the ethics and research committee on human beings at the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) under opinion number: 3,426,345. Initially, the same would be done experimentally, but as a result of the covid pandemic 19 in Brazil, which suspended the conduct of experimental studies with the elderly in our municipality, as it is a population that is part of the group at risk for the disease , it was decided to try to answer the proposed objectives through a literature review study, of the systematic review type and according to the recommendations proposed by the checklist of the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). For searches of existing studies on the proposed theme, the Web of Science, Medline / Pubmed, LILACS and Scielo databases were used. Inclusion criteria were: (1) interventional-type studies (clinical trial or quasi-experimental study); (2) studies carried out with elderly people in the community; (3) studies published in the past five years; (4) studies that verified the effects of resistance exercises with gym machines and / or free weights on the outcomes: body composition; chronic pain; self-perceived health; level of physical activity; handgrip strength; spine flexibility and lung capacity. The initial sample consisted of 1163 articles, and the final sample consisted of 8 articles. After analyzing the results, it was observed that there is still a scarcity of studies on the effects of resistance exercises in the elderly and there is a need for improvement in the designs and samples of the studies, as well as greater depth of them.