Caracterização de genótipos de jabuticabeira no planalto médio do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

The reproduction of native fruit trees from seed, in nature or in nurseries, generates genetic variability. Aspect considered environmentally positive, becomes limiting when the objective is commercialize the production from commercial orchards and agroforestry systems, permanent preservation areas and legal reserves areas, mainly in small farms. The selection of superior matrix trees to vegetative propagation, such as in jatubicaba tree (Plinia spp.), presumes the realization of phenological and productive characterization of the genotypes, activities carried out as objectives of this study. Three studies were carried out on different regions of the Median Plane of Rio Grande do Sul. In the first study a population of 40 native jabuticaba trees was evaluated as physico-chemical characteristics of the fruits and genetic divergence. In the second study, a population, of 17 genotypes native and planted, was evaluated as phenological aspects (flowering period and harvesting) and physico-chemical characteristics of the fruits. In the third study, seven superior genotypes selected in different regions, had plants and fruits characterized and phenology determined. Jabuticaba trees (Plinia cauliflora), native from the same site of occurrence, showed variation on physico-chemical characteristics of the fruits. TSS/TTA ratio contributed to genetic divergence, followed by the percentage of pulp and peel. Variations in the flowering periods and harvesting of superior genotypes, including main crop and late season crop, allowed production for approximately 75 days. Superior genotypes showed fruit dry mass 25% and 209% higher than the highest fruit from native forest. Jabuticaba trees that produce fruits with outstanding features occur, more frequently, in the city or near the rural properties, result of pre-selection made by communities.