Propriedades químicas e físico-hídricas de um Latossolo vermelho sob sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária

Abstract

Agriculture is a growing sector of production and new systems of agricultural production are developed in an attempt to increase plant productivity. However, these systems may involve multiple components, making it complex. In order to facilitate the understanding of this production system, it is important that there be specific studies of each species arrangement. Thus, the objective of this work is to test if the multispecies composition of forage plants in succession with annual crops or perennial pastures changes chemical and physical-water properties of the soil, water dynamics in the soil-plant system and the productive performance of grains of corn and soybeans in integrated agricultural production systems. Three production systems were tested, characterized as: grain yield only; grain production/black oats + vetch; and grain production with insertion of bermudagrass + overwintering of winter forage species. In the latter, bermuda grass was evaluated separately from the grain production system for evaluation of soil chemical and physical-water properties, as well as a forest area. It was evaluated the history of chemical properties of soil after 22 years of the implantation of the production systems, soil physical-water properties and yield of soybean and corn grains. bermuda grass increased levels of organic matter, calcium and magnesium and reduced phosphorus and potassium in the soil. Inaddition, it reduced relative density and increased soil macroporosity. Soil moisture loss from 0 to 20 cm was potentiated in the soil with bermuda grass/overgrowth. There was no effect of production system on leaf temperature, leaf water potential, transmissivity to solar radiation and yield components of corn and soybean. The insertion of pastures into integrated agricultural production systems can be an alternative to agricultural producers to reduce risks of crop failure and increase income.