Aplicação da Produção Mais Limpa no processo de construção em edifício multipavimentos

Abstract

The negative impacts generated by the construction activity to the environment are commonly perceived in the urban landscape degradation and, primarily, related to public health, often caused by improper disposal of construction waste. Problems not only for the environment butalso for the construction; that not only fail to increase their profitability, as you can see its wasted resources, resulting from the deliberate use of materials in their production activities. To improve this situation, the present research aimed at the introduction of guiding elements of cleaner production program, in activities that used to be known to large waste-generating in the production of multi decks buildings. Through the case study of a work of this typology, have created opportunities for improvement with the approach of source reduction for the minimization of waste generation. The methodology adopted was based on the major steps proposed in the cleaner production program of CNTL (2007b), but adapted to the local situation, and features available in data collection. To select the work as well as the focus of study activities, first met the routines of the construction company and the works carried out in the period. Selected work, sought the full implementation activities for environmental diagnosis and process: execution of internal plastering and masonry external elevation ceramic bricks, the latter being selected as a focus of assessment, be between the two, the activity which featured the largest ratio of waste generation by constructed area (4.4% versus 2.1% obtained in execution of Grouting). In the activity selected for the study was possible to verify the causes of occurrences of residues, identify options for cleaner production opportunities, propose models of technical, environmental and economic assessments and develop an implementation plan. The results of the follow-up of the implementation of activity showed that the causes could be related with the dubious quality of the ceramics used, movements of unnecessary materials, absence of pavement layout study on production, among others. The models proposed assessments were based on the instructions of the CNTL (2007b), adapted to the reality of the environment and conditions for research, and the targets for the reduction of losses, by pavement runs. The elaborate implementation plan included use of two tools, PDCA quality and 5W2H, in order to facilitate the understanding of the need of changes in work routines and applicability of outstanding opportunities. Improvement options presented showed that to reduce waste, are not necessary high investments by individualadaptations already consolidated services.