Financiamento público da educação: análise da contribuição da transparência pública para a ampliação do controle social

Abstract

The public financing of education is a relatively recent issue in the context of political and educational discussions in Brazil. The present dissertation aims to collaborate, based on the perceptions of education managers and counselors, with the discussions about the public financing of education related to social control and public transparency. For this, a qualitative study was carried out, using as main technique of data production the discussions produced in focus groups constituted by counselors and managers of education and, as a secondary technique, documentary and bibliographic research, Basically constituted by the Brazilian constitutions and infraconstitutional legislations on public transparency and the Brazilian educational system. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique, starting from the specific analysis of each group and, later, the cumulative and comparative analysis of the set of groups. The documentary analyzes indicated that the principle of Public Administ ration of advertising has been strengthened by Complementary Law 101/2000, Supplementary Law 131/2009 and Law 12.527/2011, favoring the exercise of social control over the resources of education, and that thenlegislation on Public funding of education has gradually been receiving this principle over the past two decades. The documentary analysis also shows that social control, recognized as a citizen's right in the Federal Constitution of 1988, is also contemplated in legislation on education financing. There is a strong relationship of interdependence between social control and public transparency. The analysis of the focus groups showed that there is a set of basic information about financing the necessary education so that people who have some interest and linkage with the topic, to discuss, reflect, monitor and exercise greater social control over education resources. Of the studied groups, the group of managers, by virtue of their attributions, presented good knowledge on education financing. In turn, the group of counselors presented a more superficial knowledge on issues related to the topic, especially regarding the resources that make up the basket of taxes on education. According to the participants, the terms, expressions and concepts used in the field of education financing appear to be complex and difficult to understand by those who do not work in the area of Education. The research also points to the need to qualify the work of counselors and managers regarding the topic under study, since the members who participated in training presented more in-depth knowledge on the subject. It is also concluded that the groups converge on the importance of the education data being available for public access, aiming at strengthening the exercise of social control.