Restrição calórica e estrato de spirulina platensis no envelhecimento de saccharomyces serevisiae

Abstract

The increased life expectancy of the population often is associated with the onset of diseases, declines and dementias, and for this reason, research seeking to develop preventive therapies, using functional substances and caloric restriction. The functional substances are active biochemical components, considered health promoters because it reduces the risk of disease. Since caloric restriction has effect on the longevity of several model organisms, such as yeast, worms, flies and primates. Studies have shown that caloric restriction alters the metabolism by altering the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD: NADH), which activates certain enzymes called sirtuins. In turn, sirtuins act in repair processes, gene silencing and telomere maintenance and are becoming popular therapeutic targets for the study of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's and Huntington. In the present study, we tested the potential of Spirulina platensis, a cyanobacterium, which presents cellular antioxidant action, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant aids in weight loss, among others. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction and the aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis against stressor Fe2+ aging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deleted SIR 1, 2, 3 and 4 genes. To this end, experiments were carried out with different treatments containing aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis; iron sulfate; aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis + iron sulfate; and the standard of comparison. The strains of S. cerevisiae were exposed to treatments before and after aging. The experiments were performed: lipid peroxidation by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and dosage of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) by the system detection adrenaline - cytochrome. In the absence of the SIR2 gene of S. platensis extract decreased lipid peroxidation before and after the aging of cells. When using the two therapies has increased the peroxidation of mutant Sir2Δ. This latter result indicates the possibility of a pro-oxidant effect to the cells after aging. In contrast, the mutant Sir4Δ, the junction of the two therapies attenuated (p=0.031166) lipid peroxidation, before aging yeast. The results of enzyme assays demonstrated the effect of RC before and after the aging of cells, demonstrating the effectiveness of this therapy before the treatments performed. In all strains studied the RC was able to decrease the activity of the enzyme, indicating benefit to the cells that did not require the activation of superoxide dismutase mobile defense. By completing this study point out that the effect of the extract of Spirulina platensis was evident with the attenuation of lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase. The RC was the most effective therapy, before and after aging of cells and in all strains studied. Both therapies used prevented the damage induced by Fe²+