Efeitos do treinamento com mini-trampolim realizado na água e no solo sobre as variáveis antropométricas, densidade mineral óssea e marcadores de remodelação óssea em adultas jovens

Abstract

The changes related to aging on the musculoskeletal system are a source of major concern, which progressively leads to a decrease in the functional capacity and consequently in the quality of life. The bone structure is not static, successive changes occur throughout life. Until the age of twenty there is an increase in bone mass, from 20 to 30 years old, there is a stabilization of the process of bone formation and resorption and, from the age of 30, the bone mass starts to decrease. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the effects of a 16-week program of training performed with mini-trampoline on the ground and in an aquatic environment regarding the anthropometric variables, the muscle strength, the bone mineral density and the markers of bone turnover in young adults. The sample was composed of twenty-seven women (33.9 ± 3.3 years) who were divided into two groups: training with mini-trampoline in the aquatic environment (G1, n = 14) and training with mini-trampoline on the ground (G2, n = 13). Each group trained twice a week for sixteen weeks. The research evaluated the anthropometric variables fat percentage, lean body mass, waist-hip relation and body mass index, the muscle strength through the 1RM (maximum repetition) and 20 RM (maximum repetition) tests, the bone mineral density by densitometry examination and there was the analysis of the biochemical markers of bone turnover such as alkaline phosphatase, bone alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test, considering a p ≤ 0.05, were used for data analysis. For both groups there was a significant decrease in lean body mass and fat percentage (p = 0.018, p = 0.001), a significant increase in 1RM and 20RM test (p = 0.001, p = 0.001), a decrease of alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.001), and significant increases in bone alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.005), respectively, in relation to bone mineral density both G1 and G2 showed statistically significant improvements for the region of the femoral neck (p = 0.005 ). While concerning the lumbar bone mineral density only G2 presented a significant increase (p = 0.033) after sixteen weeks of training. The results suggest that training with mini-trampoline in the water and on the ground proved to be efficient in the variables analyzed, with emphasis on the improvement of bone mineral density in adults