Doenças Osteoarticulares : prevalência e tratamento fisioterapêutico

Abstract

The aging process is taking place at the population level, increasingly in recent decades and is associated with increased chronic diseases. Among these diseases are osteoarticular; the most frequent in the elderly osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. They are considered causes of high prevalence of chronic pain and functionality impairment, muscle strength, balance, coordination and activities of daily life, causing pain, stiffness and reflecting on the quality of life of patients. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis and the presence of risk factors in patrons of a community center and assess the physical therapy intervention on functional capacity, grip strength, balance, muscle flexibility and mass of osteoarthritis patients, osteoporosis and arthritis rheumatoid. Methods: This dissertation consists of two studies with convenience sampling. Participated in the first study, 391 individuals who regularly attended a center of coexistence of both sexes, 50 years of age or older. The variables considered were the presence of osteoarthritis, gender, color / race, age, onset of menopause, nutritional status, history of falls and fractures from falls, medication use, health perception and diagnosis of diseases reported by the participants. Participated in the second study, 38 individuals stemmed from a community center and a school clinic of physiotherapy, of both sexes, who reported carry one or more bone-joint diseases - osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The variables were considered: presence joint pain and other morbidities, dominant hand, affected joints and use of prosthesis. They were assessed before and after physical therapy intervention variables perimetry of the upper limbs, hamstrings flexibility, functional capacity, balance and grip strength. The physical therapy interventions occurred twice weekly for two months lasting 60 minutes each, totaling from 10 to 16 sessions. The exercises understood in stretching, strengthening, gait training, balance, proprioception, sensitivity and coordination, joint mobility and myofascial release. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential. Results: In the first study (sample only the community center) of the 391 individuals participants, 32 (7.7%) reported osteoarthritis, 377 (96.4%) were female, 187 (47.9%) age between 60 to 69 years, 326 (84.1%) color / white race, 191 (48.8%) were eutrophic nutritional status, 328 (83.9%) reported having not fallen in the last year, 361 (92.3 %) were using drugs, 282 (72.2%) considered their health as very good or good, and among the women, 306 (78.3%) reached menopause after 55 years old. Hypertension was reported by 223 (53.9%) individuals. Compared presence of osteoarthritis with the other variables, were associated health perception (p = 0.033) and history of falls (p = 0.020). In the second study of 32 subjects, 30 (93.8%) were female, 17 (53%) were from 60 to 69 years, 18 (60%) used four or more drugs, 29 (90.6%) not using prosthetic joint and 20 (62.5%) had hypertension associated osteoarticular diseases. Of the three investigated diseases, osteoarthritis was more frequent (60.9%); already the most affected joints are the knee (32%), hip (16%), metacarpophalangeal (16%) and spine (16%). All reported his right hand as dominant. For variable functional capacity, 14 (43.7%) individuals were in the top category after the physical therapy intervention. The perimeter of the right upper limb showed no significant difference compared pre- and post-physical therapy intervention; instead, the grip strength of right and left hand, perimetry left upper limb, balance and flexibility were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the first study, it can be seen that, osteoarthritis, considered a highly prevalent disease among the community showed little prevalent in the sample, possibly because they were frequenting a community center and their physical condition active. The profile described in this study agrees mostly with the description of the literature regarding female risk factors, age and menopause over 55 and overweight. Based on the second study results, therapeutic exercise was effective in maintaining or improving balance, grip strength, functional capacity, hamstrings flexibility and perimetry upper limbs of patients with osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis